International Suicide Rates versus Gun Ownership

The following article has been boiling in the back of my brain, for some time. During his recent trip to SHOT Show, Professor David Yamane reported on a suicide prevention seminar at the show. From his Light Over Heat substack: Suicide Prevention on the Gun Culture Agenda

Significantly, the NSSF organized the SHOT Show’s first-ever general session on suicide prevention - the SHOT Show Suicide Prevention Town Hall. According to NSSF Senior Director of Communications Bill Brassard, while the show has previously offered educational seminars on suicide prevention for retailers and ranges, this is the first general session open to all attendees.

Now I think that suicide prevention is a fine thing. It is why I have such a problem with way Medically Assisted suicide is going in Canada, and in some states, though Canada is by far the worst.

But there is an assumption that bothers me. That assumption is, or at least seems to be, "Access to guns, causes suicide."

In what follows I am going to compare suicide in the US to suicide in Japan. I am only picking on Japan for 1 reason. They have Draconian gun control laws.

In the late 1990s, or early 2000s, the suicide rate in Japan was 2 or 3 times higher than that of the United States. How can this be? Private ownership of firearms is virtually banned in Japan. Japan has some of the strictest gun-control laws in the world. TheGunZone described the situation as "Unmatched Strictness." And yet they had what could only be described as a suicide epidemic.

Consider the study Comparative Study about Methods of Suicide between Japan and the United States (from 2005). That is from The National Center for Biotechnology Information and The National Library of Medicine.

Age-adjusted mortality rates from suicide in Japan were about 2 times higher for males and 3 times higher for females compared with the United States. The most common method among both genders in Japan was hanging, followed by jumping from a high place.

Use of firearms was the most common method in the US, which I suppose accounts for the seminar at SHOT Show. I still think it misses the point.

Trading Economics allows for creation of comparison charts on various dimensions. The following chart shows the suicide rates of Japan versus the United States for the years 2016 through 2021.

The Japanese rate is consistently higher during that period. (During a longer period, but without a subscription I am limited to 5 year graphs.)

Since the early 2000s, Japan's rate has come down considerably, and the US rate has trended higher. The information I can find says that the rates crossed, and the US now has a higher suicide rate than Japan. The US stands at 16.10 per 100,000 and Japan at 15.3 per 100,000 people, as of 2024.

That isn't to say that different sources, or different methods don't arrive at different rates. World Population Review shows Japan have a rate of 18.59 per 100k versus 17.43 per 100k in 2021. World Population Review shows that the Japan rate increased to 21.46 per 100k in 2023. (Click on the graph to enlarge.)

So why am I taking issue with the suicide prevention seminar?

Access to guns in the US does not cause people to kill themselves any more than access to rope in Japan does. People who are, for whatever reason, bent on self-destruction, select a method that they believe will be effective based on what they have access to. People with access to guns select guns. People without access to guns select rope. Or high places from which to jump. Is suicide somehow worse if a gun is used?

Again, I don't have an issue with suicide prevention. Some people in my life have chosen to end their lives, and I have been witness to what it leaves in its wake.

Given that, we could probably learn something from Japan on the topic of suicide prevention. Those rates didn't come down on their own. But that is story for another day.